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Sunday 8 May 2011




Friday 6 May 2011

Automatic Curtain Control

Using switch S3 also allows manual control, allowing for curtains to be left only partially open or closed. The circuit controls a motor which is attached to a simple pulley mechanism, to move the curtains. I first started this circuit over 20 years ago and apart from now using metal gears, very little has changed.

Curtain Control
Notes:

Automatic Operation
The circuit can be broken down into three main parts; a bistable latch, a timer and a reversing circuit. Toggle switch S3 determines manual or automatic mode. The circuit as shown above is drawn in the automatic position and operation is as follows. The bistable is built around Q1 and Q2 and associated circuitry and controls relay A/2. S1 is used to open the curtains and S2 to close the curtains. At power on, a brief positive pulse is applied to the base of Q2 via C2. Q2 will be on, and activate relay A/2.

The network of C3 and R4 form a low current holding circuit for the relay. Relay A/2 is a 12V relay with a 500 ohm coil. It requires slightly less current to keep a relay energized than it does to operate it. Once the relay has operated, the current through the coil is reduced by R4, saving power consumption. When Q2 is off, C3 will be discharged, but when Q2 becomes active (either at switch on or by pressing S1) capacitor C3 will charge very quickly via the relay coil. The initial charging current is sufficient to energize the relay and current flow through R4 sufficient to keep it energized.

Q1 bias is applied via R3 which is tied to Q2 collector. As Q2 is on, the collector voltage will be low, close to 0v and therefore Q1 and LED L1 will be off. As Q1 is off, its collector voltage will be high, and Q2 bias voltage is applied via the chain L1, R1 and R2. The curtains should already be fully open.

If now S2 is pressed, the base voltage of Q2 will become 0 and Q2 will switch off. In switching off, its collector voltage will rise to the supply voltage and Q1 will now be forward biased via the relay coil A/2, R4 and R3. LED L1 will now be lit, relay A/2 will be de-energized and as Q1 collector will be low, Q2 will be off and the circuit latched in this condition.

At the same time as S2 is pressed, the trigger input of IC1, a 555 timer (normally held high via R7 will be taken low. A timing sequence now commences. Duration is controlled by preset P1 and C6 and the timing is adjustable between about 1 and 12 seconds. This delay is adjusted so that the motor will run for sufficient time to fully open or close the curtains. The output of the 555 turns on Q3, fed via R8 which now applies power to the motor via relay contacts A1 and A2.

At any time the motor is in operation, and for any direction, LED L2 will always be lit. Contacts A1 and A2 reverse the polarity of the voltage appearing at the motor terminals, 

Wednesday 4 May 2011

12v DC to 24v DC converter

This simple DC-DC converter can provide up to 24V from a 12V source. It can be used to run radios, small lights, relays, horns and other 24V accessories from a 12V vehicle with a maximum draw of about 800mA. It can be used to charge one 12V battery from another, or step up the voltage just enough to provide necessary overhead for a 12V linear regulator. Using one op-amp as a squarewave oscillator to ring an inductor and another op-amp in a feedback loop, it won't drift around under varying loads, providing a stable 24V source for many applications. With a wide adjustment in output this circuit has many uses

:Here is circuit diagram:

Band pass filter circuit


Rain Alarm Circuit . . . .


Rain alarm circuit is very useful if the rainy season, the function of a series of rain this alarm is to remind us in case of rain. In the circuit diagram is controlled by the IC 555, which functions for the NE555 provides 1 Khz tone through the speaker if the sensor exposed to rain. Water sensor images can be seen in the picture, place the sensor at an angle of 30-45 degrees from the ground. Global Water’s Water Level Alarm Sensor (WA600) is water solid state sensors for detecting the presence of conductive solutions, such as water spills, water tank levels, and drainage ponds. Water alarm sensor has two stainless steel electrodes in the position at the desired point for the detection of liquid. When liquid is detected, a relay close to the surface water and the alarm signal can be used to sound an alarm or closing a switch inside a piece of remote monitoring equipment. Relay outputs fully isolated and can handle 2 amps of current. The following is a schematic drawing:

Simple Rain Alarm Circuit Using NE 5551 Simple Rain Alarm Circuit Using NE 555
After the alarm sensor water level in dry conditions, the detection sensor will automatically reset without the need for additional services. Alarm surface rough and require minimal maintenance. The Water Level Alarm has many uses, including: surface water monitoring, detection precision, control water levels, an indication of high water, and sea submarine low-level indication. Water alarm circuits can be purchased to trigger an alarm on contact with water or air

Monday 2 May 2011

Water Level Indicator


Water Level Indicator

Description

This is the circuit diagram of a simple corrosion free water level indicator for home and industries.In fact the the level of any conductive non corrosive liquids can be measured using this circuit.The circuit is based on 5 transistor switches.Each transistor is switched on to drive the corresponding LED , when its base is supplied with current through the water through the electrode probes.
One electrode probe is (F) with 6V AC is placed at the bottom of tank.Next probes are placed step by step above the bottom probe. When water is rising the the base of each transistor gets electrical connection to 6V AC through water and the corresponding probe.Which in turn makes the transistors conduct to glow LED and indicate the level of water.The ends of probes are connected to corresponding points in the circuit as shown in circuit diagram.Insulated Aluminum wires with end insulation removed will do for the probe.Arrange the probes in order on a PVC pipe according to the depth and immerse it in the tank.AC voltage is use to prevent electrolysis at the probes.So this setup will last really long.I guarantee at least a 2 years of maintenance free operation.That’s what I got and is still going.

Components

T1 – T5 BC 548 or 2N2222 Transistors
R1-R5 2.2K 1/4 W Resistors
R6-R10 22K 1/4 W Resistors
D1 – D5 LED’s ( color your choice)

Notes:

Use a transformer with 6V 500 mA output for power supply.Do not use a rectifier! we need pure AC. Use good quality insulated Aluminum wire for probes.If Aluminum wires are not available try Steel or Tin.Copper is the worst.Try the circuit first on a bread board and if not working properly, make adjustments with the resistance values .This is often needed because conductivity of water changes slightly from place to place.The type number of the transistors used here are not critical and any small signal NPN transistor will do the job. Few other suitable type numbers are BC546, BC107, PN2222, BC337, BF494, ZTX300, BEL187 etc. The circuit can be enclosed in a plastic box with holes for revealing the LEDs .

Water Level Indicator Circuit Diagram and Sensor Arrangement.



Water Level Indicator Circuit

Simple Fire Alarm circuit

Here is a simple fire alarm circuit based on a LDR and lamp pair for sensing the fire.The alarm works by sensing the smoke produced during fire.The circuit produces an audible alarm when the fire breaks out with smoke.
When there is no smoke the light from the bulb will be directly falling on the LDR.The LDR resistance will be low  and so the voltage across it (below .6V).The transistor will be OFF and nothing happens.When there is sufficient smoke to mask the light from falling on LDR, the LDR resistance increases and so do the voltage across it.Now the transistor will switch to ON.This gives power to the IC1 and it outputs 5V.This powers the tone generator IC UM66 (IC2)  to play a music.This music will be amplified by IC3 (TDA 2002) to drive the speaker.Resistor R6 is meant for protecting the transistor when R4 is turned towards low resistance values .Resistor R2 and R1 forms a feedback network for the TDA2002 and C1 couples the feed back signal from the junction of R1 & R2 to the inverting input of the same IC.
The diode D1 and D2 in combination drops 1.4 V to give the rated voltage (3.5V ) to UM66 .UM 66 cannot withstand more than 4V.
Circuit diagram with Parts list.
fire alarm
Fire alarm circuit
Notes.
  • The speaker can be a 32Ω tweeter.
  • POT R4 can be used to adjust the sensitivity of the alarm.
  • POT R3 can be used for varying the volume of the alarm.
  • Any general purpose NPN transistor(like BC548,BC148,2N222) can be used for Q1.
  • The circuit can be powered from a 9V battery or a 9V DC power supply.
  • Instead of bulb you can use a bright LED with a 1K resistor series to it.

Sunday 1 May 2011

Phone line in use indicator Circuit

Phone Line Use Indicator

Introduction
The function of this fun electronic project design is to indicate whether a phone line that is connected to many phone extension is in use or otherwise. It is an interesting project for beginners to electronics hobby as there are only a few commonly available parts that are used in this circuit.
Circuit Description





The main part of this project is the use of an N channel power MOSFET IRF511 that has a current rating of 5.0 A at room temperature and drain to source voltage of 60V. If the phone is offhook, it will have a tip to ring voltage of 48V DC. When this voltage is applied to the gate of Q1, it will turn Q1 ON which in turn will bias the Q2 transistor to turn OFF. When Q2 is OFF, LED will also be OFF which means that the phone line is not in use.
When the phone hook is remove, the voltage will drop and cause Q1 to turn OFF. When Q1 is OFF, the gate of Q2 will be biased ON and thus transistor Q2 will turn ON. When Q2 turn ON, LED will also turn ON indicating that the phone line is in use

Line follower Robotic Car Circuit . . . .

Obviously the line following robot will need to see the line, therefore we require an light detector of some sort. We also would like it if the line following robot could do this regardless of the ambient conditions (is the room dark or light? is it lit by sunlight or artificial light?). So the robot will also need its own illumination source. The weapon of choice here will be Infra Red (IR) light.

To make this easy for ourselves the light only needs to be constant... if a white line is present then it will reflect a lot of IR from our source. If the line is black then we see the opposite effect.
The circuit

All we need is an IR source, an IR photo-transistor and a couple of resistors!
On top of these, it would be nice if the signal that we get could be TTL (on or off, 0V, 5V). So to do this we will also require our favourite BEAM chip, the 74AC240, heres the circuit:







Circuit operation is simple.... no line to follow put the input to the inverter high, and therefore the inverter outputs a low, line detection turns on the transistor (or photodiode) and thus the inverter gets a low and outputs a high. If your robot is following a black line on a white page, then add another invereter after or before the first.

So what should the values for R1 and R2 be? and how do I set up the 74AC240 chip exactly..... The value for R1 affects the source IR brightness, for maximum brightness we set R1 to give the maximum allowable forward current for the IR led. So what should it be?? Well, look at the datasheet for your LED, lookup the value of the maximum forward current. Now a simple bit of electronic theory tells us V=IR, I will assume you are using 5V because this is the volatge the 74AC240 should be run at (6V is OK... 4 AA batteries).

Now lets say that the max forward current is 100mA so we have 5V = 100mA * R , therefore:

5/100*10^-3 = R = 50ohms.

Experiment with different values until you get a sensitivity that you are happy with... too bright and the detector will see it when it shouldn't! Also remember this will affect the distance you can have it from the line you are following.

So how about R2? just set R2 to about 4K.

The chip setup is simple too... ground pins 1, 10 and 19, put 5V onto pin 20. Now choose a pin to input your signal to, if you look at the 74AC240 datasheet on page 1, you will see a connection diagram, any pin with an I is an input, follow it across to find its output.
Pins 1 and 19 are the enable pins, which we have grounded to permanently enable the inputs on both side of the chip, this leaves you free to use any of the input pins. For example (in case I haven't spelt it out enough already)... input your signal at pin 4 and take the ouput from pin 16.

The output signal could be used to directly drive your motor... just connect one side of the motor to the ouput, and the other side to ground. If you do this for two motors (2 sets of line detectors will require two sets of emitters and detectors, but only one 74AC240 chip), then you have a basic line follower already! The left detector should be used to drive the right motor and vice versa
The behaviour of this robot as it stands will be too turn a motor on IF a line is present, if both detectors are over the line then it will drive straight, if the left detector goes of the line, it will turn off the right motor causing the robot to turn back onto the line, if the right detector goes off the line then it will turn off the left motor and again go back onto the line. If both detectors come off the line (end of line) then the robot will stop altogether, perfect!

Saturday 30 April 2011

See through Wall

Researchers from the University of South Australia in collaboration with Nokia started working on one of their latest inventions that would make it possible for users of cell phones to see through walls.
Their latest invention makes use of augmented reality (AR), being able to overlay graphics on top of real the video. The AR system comes in three types: X-ray Vision, Meltvision and Distortvision.
According to Dr Christian Sandor, Director of the Magic Vision Lab at UniSA, users prefer Meltvision over X-ray vision, due to a more appealing look, where structures appear to melt away. As for Distortvision, it changes the mobile video picture so that the objects that cannot be seen "bent" so the person could see them in the image.
It would be interesting to note that the researchers have also been working on an invention that would make it possible for users to see and sense virtual objects. The new technology is called Visuo-Haptic Augmented Reality and it allows an individual to manipulate a 3D object by making use of a head mounted screen and touch-based gadgets.
Dr Christian Sandor explains: "The current method for prototyping involves the development of a 3D design using a computer, which can be viewed on screen or printed out in what is a relatively static presentation."



 

New source of Energy. . . .

Sound creates vibrations that in their turn generate energy when travelling through a particular medium. This energy is called sound energy. Speakers use electricity to produce sound waves, but Korean researchers used zinc oxide to do the opposite - transform sound waves into electricity.
The team hopes that their latest invention could be used to convert the sound waves of the surroundings to power a cell phone, for example.
Young Jun Park and Sang-Woo Kim, authors of the article published in journal Advanced Materials, said that players use electricity to generate sound waves, but they wanted to do the reverse and produce power from sound waves.
It is worth mentioning that piezoelectrics are materials that can convert mechanical energy into electricity. They create an electrical charge under stress. Scientists bent zinc oxide, which is the key ingredient of calamine lotion, into a field of nanowires that were squeezed between two electrodes. Then the team subjected the pack to sound waves of 100 decibels, thus generating electrical current of 50 millivolts, informs .
A cell phone needs a few volts to operate, which means that the current technology is so far useless. However, researchers feel optimistic about their latest invention, saying that the technology will evolve to eventually be used to power portable devices, such as cell phones. They also hope that their technology could be used to generate electricity from rush hour traffic noise.

Batteries That Operate With Any Liquid

Batteries That Operate With Any Liquid
latest-science-inventionsChungpin Liao, a professor at the Graduate School of Electro-Optic and Material Science of National Formosa University in Taiwan has invented an organic battery that creates electricity when wet.

The "organic" battery generates a charge within 10 seconds and will last anywhere from two days to a week depending on the liquid. It works with water, beverages or even urine.
Although it will only produce half the strength of traditional batteries, the organic battery has a storage capacity greater than water-powered fuel cells and is very cheap to manufacture.
"Plus it contains no toxic substances and does not pose an environmental hazard" says Chungpin.
Liao received his degree in nuclear engineering from National Tsing Hua University in Hsinchu, Taiwan. He earned his Masters and Ph.D degrees in plasma science and fusion technology from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, United States.

S60v2 Softwares

File manager for your symbian mobiles

file manager

Friday 29 April 2011

samsung s5570 galaxy mini
Also known as T-Mobile Move
GENERAL2G NetworkGSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900
3G NetworkHSDPA 900 / 2100
Announced2011, January
StatusAvailable. Released 2011, February
SIZEDimensions110.4 x 60.8 x 12.1 mm
Weight105 g
DISPLAYTypeTFT capacitive touchscreen, 256K colors
Size240 x 320 pixels, 3.14 inches
- Accelerometer sensor for UI auto-rotate
- TouchWiz v3.0 UI
- Proximity sensor for auto turn-off
SOUNDAlert typesVibration; MP3, WAV ringtones
LoudspeakerYes
3.5mm jackYes
- DNSe sound enhancement
MEMORYPhonebookPractically unlimited entries and fields, Photocall
Call recordsPractically unlimited
Internal160 MB
Card slotmicroSD, up to 32GB, 2GB included, 
DATAGPRSClass 12 (4+1/3+2/2+3/1+4 slots), 32 - 48 kbps
EDGEYes
3GHSDPA, 7.2 Mbps
WLANWi-Fi 802.11 b/g/n, Wi-Fi hotspot
BluetoothYes, v2.1 with A2DP
Infrared portNo
USBYes, microUSB v2.0
CAMERAPrimary3.15 MP, 2048x1536 pixels, 
FeaturesGeo-tagging
VideoYes, QVGA@15fps
SecondaryNo
FEATURESOSAndroid OS, v2.2 (Froyo)
CPU600 MHz processor
MessagingSMS(threaded view), MMS, Email, Push Email, IM
BrowserHTML
RadioStereo FM radio with RDS
GamesYes
ColorsBlack
GPSYes, with A-GPS support
JavaYes, via Java MIDP emulator
- Digital compass
- SNS integration
- MP4/H.264/H.263 player
- MP3/WAV/eAAC+ player
- Organizer
- Document viewer/editor
- Image/video editor
- Google Search, Maps, Gmail,
YouTube, Calendar, Google Talk, Picasa integration
- Voice memo/dial
- Predictive text input (Swype)
BATTERYStandard battery, Li-Ion 1200 mAh
Stand-byUp to 570 h
Talk timeUp to 9 h 30 min
MISCSAR EU0.96 W/kg (head)    
Price group

Scientists Confirm Earth’s Energy is Out of Balance

Check out this post . . . . . . . Its a red alert for us . . . . . click the following link to view

Scientists Confirm Earth’s Energy is Out of Balance
New Research about "Water has memory"

(NaturalNews) Water is absolutely required for health.  Water is the beginning of life and without it, we would die very quickly.  A French medical doctor, specialising in immunology, has discovered something truly fascinating about water.  Dr. Jacques Benveniste has discovered certain scientific properties of water.  These properties cannot be explained by conventional physics.   He calls this particular brand of science digital biology.  And to note: other scientists have duplicated his experiments.

Here are the tenets of his discovery:

1. When a substance is diluted in water, the water can carry the memory of that substance even after it has been so diluted that none of the molecules of the original substance remain; and

2. The molecules of any given substance have a spectrum of frequencies that can be digitally recorded with a computer, then played back into untreated water (using an electronic transducer), and when this is done, the new water will act as if the actual substance were physically present.

Dr. Jacques Benveniste (1935-2004) had proved something quite controversial, which gives concrete evidence to support homeopathy.  He reportedly compared himself with Galileo because of his paradigm breaking research findings.  He did not win a Nobel Prize but instead won not one, but two, of the satirical "Ignobel" prizes awarded by a gang of Harvard scientists - the 1991 chemistry prize for showing that water has memory, and the 1998 prize for a paper showing that this information can be transmitted over telephone lines and the internet.

Controversy aside, if you think about these findings for a minute you may become shocked!  Water holds a "memory" that we can digitally record; and we are able to digitally re-write other water, even when the substance is no longer in it.

We have put countless things in our water, and supposedly "removed" them.  Right now, there are pharmaceuticals (among other things) in the water, which no water treatment plant was ever designed to remove.  Our water is holding this in its "memory".

Your body starts out comprised of 80% water when you are born.  When many people die, they are at 50% water.  Now it may seem pretty simplistic to point to water as the source of aging, but proper hydration is needed for fat metabolism, to remove waste from cells, and to keep your brain healthy. We also use water for transporting nutrients and wastes, lubrication, temperature regulation, and tissue structure maintenance.   It is also important to know that  48% of older adults admitted to Emergency Rooms had laboratory values indicative of dehydration.  Chronic dehydration can lead to many problems such as constipation, poor performance in athletics, and can exacerbate many health issues such as allergies, asthma, diabetes, hypertension and arthritis.  Proper hydration  may seem simple, but things that are simple can be overlooked as valuable.

At the very fundamental level, water is truly fascinating and its properties have undoubtedly lead to the creation of life on this planet.  Unfortunately, Dr. Jacques Benveniste's discovery shows us that we know very little about the truth of water.  It affects nearly every aspect of our bodies; and in the near future, water will be on the forefront of many political and societal problems.

We are all best off drinking clean, pure water.  It keeps us hydrated, and our body and mind functioning at their best.  Knowing that water has a memory, it is best if we all do our share to keep our water clean.  This involves not only what we put into the wastewater systems, but also what we put into our bodies!  You don't need the pop, coffee or milk - plain water will boots your health the fastest.

Daily Jang Epaper | Urdu Online Newspaper Pakistan | News & Videos

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Daily Jang Epaper | Urdu Online Newspaper Pakistan | News & Videos

E-paper :: Daily Express

Express news . . . . . .

E-paper :: Daily Express